英国有句老话叫：“只工作不玩耍，聪明的孩子也变傻。”但在中国深圳，“只工作不玩耍”实际上可能违反法律。
近日，深圳市第六届人民代表大会常务委员会第四十五次会议表决通过《深圳经济特区健康条例》号，提出实施强制休假制度，更好地保障劳动者身心健康。
作为我国第一部推动强制带薪休假的地方卫生法规，该法规将于2021年1月1日正式实施。
此外，条例明确规定，用人单位应当合理配置人力资源，安排员工的作息时间，使全体员工特别是压力较大的员工能够轮流休假，避免造成员工人体机能过度丧失或身心健康损害。
值得一提的是，健康条例实施后，大家都不用担心休假制度能否真正落实。人力资源保障部门、工会等组织将加强对用人单位落实职工带薪休假制度的监督检查。
“只工作不玩耍，聪明的孩子也会变傻，”一句古老的英语谚语说。但在中国南方城市深圳，“只工作不玩耍”实际上可能违反法律。
深圳市第六届全国人民代表大会常务委员会(NPC)在最近的一次会议上批准了一项新的健康法。带薪休假作为一项强制制度被写入其中，以更好地保护员工的身心健康。
预计将于2021年1月1日生效，这是中国第一部推动强制带薪休假的地方法律。根据法律，雇主应该合理分配人力资源和安排工作时间表，让所有员工，特别是压力大的员工轮流休假。
包括人力资源部和工会在内的组织应该监督新法律的实施。
一名员工正在加班。/CFP
消息一经发布，卫生条例就引发了全国范围的讨论。事实上，带薪休假早在20多年前就写入了中国劳动法。但在实施过程中，休假制度很难完全落实。对于大多数专业人士来说，带薪休假仍然是一个遥远的梦想。
根据中央广播电视总台财经频道《中国经济生活大调查(2019—2020)》发布的数据，2020年，除了工作和睡眠，中国人每天平均休息
闲时间仅为2.42小时。除此以外，2014年，北京师范大学一位研究员调研的数据显示，中国企业员工每年工作约2000至2200小时，仅次于墨西哥工人。2019年，国家统计局发布的一系列数据显示，中国企业员工平均每周工作46.5小时，而美国、日本和德国的企业员工每周工作时间分别为34小时、33小时和26小时。
The new law has triggered nationwide discussions. In fact, the paid leave has been written into the labor law since some 20 years ago, however, for many people, enjoying the sunbathing during the paid leave holidays remains a dream for many Chinese people.
According to a report conducted by the Biz Channel of China Media Group (CMG) on the economic life of the Chinese people, in 2020, each Chinese people has only 2.42 hours for leisure and entertainment per day on average, aside from the time for sleep and work.
In 2014, Wang Qi, a research at Beijing Normal University, told Wall Street Journal that each Chinese worker worked about 2,000 to 2,200 hours annually, comes after only the Mexicans. In 2019, the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) published a series of data, showing that the employers in Chinese companies work averagely 46.5 hours every week in July, while in the U.S., Japan and Germany, the time were respectively 34 hours, 33 hours and 26 hours.
A building with lights on. /CFP
加班常态化、工作压力大确实是中国职场人士的普遍状态。深圳作为一个迅速崛起的大城市，竞争压力有多大可想而知。
深圳以其高速发展和对初创企业的包容性而闻名，吸引了一大批国内外人才来此创业发展。此外，深圳作为腾讯和华为等许多中国科技巨头的所在地，创造了许多经济奇迹。
但深圳也因超负荷的工作和巨大的压力而闻名。甚至，有网友创造了 “深圳式加班”这一网络用语来形容深圳加班工作的压力。
深圳南山区高新园区工联会一项对企业及职工的抽样调查显示，38.17%在深圳工作的员工对自己的职业前景表示迷茫。在激烈竞争的压力下，员工担心休假会影响他们的晋升或加薪机会，因此他们选择放弃带薪休假。
与此同时，中国年轻人用自嘲和抱怨的方式来解压。大多数人在社交媒体上用各种表情包和笑话来表达自己的感受，比如“加班狗”、“加班996住院ICU”、“搬砖工人”以及最新流行词“打工人”。
近年来，屡见不鲜的加班猝死事件，再度为“打工人” 敲响了警钟，抵制加班的呼声越来越大。
Shenzhen, the Chinese city with the largest migrant population, is known for its high speed in development and the tolerance it shows towards startups. As the birthplace of many of China's tech giants, the city has created many economic miracles. But it is also known for the overload work and pressures. Chinese netizens even coined the term "Shenzhen-style working overtime" to describe the working environment.
A survey from the Nanshan Hi-Tech Park in Shenzhen shows that 38.17 percent of the employees working there are unsure about the future of their career, however, due to the fierce competition, many prefer to give up paid leave, fearing it might impact their promotion or a pay raise.
Meanwhile, complaints about working overtime and heavy pressure have never ceased among the Chinese youth in recent years. Most of them took to social media and express their feelings with various of memes and jokes, such as the "working-overtime dog," "996 and ICU," "brick carrier" and the new trending term "laborer."
With several sudden deaths occurred to the increasingly younger people, calls for boycotting working overtime are gaining increasingly larger supporters.
A tourist resort. /CFP
不少专家也对此表示支持。
中央财经大学教授兼中国劳动关系学院法学院院长沈建峰表示，劳动者放弃休息休假，不仅会导致身心受损，也会引起劳动力供给增大和劳动力价格下跌，同时造成依法休假的企业用工成本相对上涨以及过劳劳动者的工伤风险增加。
深圳南山区高新园区工联会副主席廖志恺也认为，深圳推行强制休假制度是对企业和员工规范休假的引导，促使企业完善相关规章制度，合理配置人力资源，减少对员工身心健康的伤害，使得员工的基本劳动经济权益得到进一步保障。
然而，由于难以界定“超负荷工作”，因此新条例中没有制订具体的法律责任。
北京师范大学政府管理研究院院长唐任伍公开建议，有关部门下一步要认真研究条例的可行性，并对存在违法行为的企业提出相应的惩罚措施。
Shen Jianfeng, dean of Law School of the China University of Labor Relations, said that giving up vacation could lead to harmful results to the employees' health, both physically and psychologically. It could also lead to price fall for labor force, and raise risks for industrial injuries.
Liao Zhikai, vice president of the labor union of the Nanshan Hi-Tech Park, said that by the legislation on paid leave, the companies could be forced to improve their institutions and rules, rationalize their allocations of human resources, as well as further protect the rights of the employees.
However, since it is hard to define "overload work," the new law did not specify the legal responsibilities for violation of the law.
Tang Renwu, dean of School of Government of the Beijing Normal University, suggested that the authorities study further into the feasibility of the law, and come up with relevant penalties and punishments for violating the law.
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